AI and Big Data Resources

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Perhaps never in the history of science has a suite of technologies inspired more work to identify ethical and governance issues, and suggest best practices. Institutional, academic, governmental and other organizations have generated numerous reports, white papers and analyses – so many that sorting and tracking them is a challenge. A selection of some of these documents is available here.

Image Credit: Adam Harvey/megapixels.cc. Images from the MegaFace face recognition training and benchmarking dataset

World Health Organization

"The WHO guidance on Ethics & Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health is the product of 18 months of deliberation amongst leading experts in ethics, digital technology, law, human rights, as well as experts from Ministries of Health." Several Collaborating Centers, including that at the University of Miami, contributed to the document, which is available here.

Professional, Academic Societies

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Advancing Technology for Humanity, Ethically Aligned Design. This work is published under the auspices of the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems for the purposes of furthering public understanding of the importance of addressing ethical considerations in the design of autonomous and intelligent systems.
National Academy of Medicine, Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril (2019)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, Planning for Long-Term Use of Biomedical Data: Proceedings of a Workshop (2020)
Nuffield Council on Bioethics, Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare and Research. Ethical Considerations for the use of AI in healthcare and research

NGOs

Center for Democracy & Technology (CDT), AI and Machine Learning
Sage Bionetworks, Bringing Structure and Design to Data Governance and Mechanisms to Govern Responsible Sharing of Open Data: A Progress Report
UNESCO, Artificial intelligence with human values for sustainable development
UNESCO, Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (2021)
United Nations, A UN system-wide strategic approach and roadmap for supporting capacity development on artificial intelligence
World Economic Forum, Model AI Governance Framework

Governments

Chile, Ministerio de Ciencia, Conocimiento, Tecnología e Innovación, Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (2021)
Chile, Comisión “Desafíos del Futuro, Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación," Inteligencia Artificial para Chile: la urgencia de desarrollar una estrategia (2019)
European Commission, On Artificial Intelligence – A European approach to excellence and trust (2020). Cf. COCIR, Analysis on AI in medical Device Legislation (2020)
European Commission, Medical Artificial Intelligence: The European Legal Perspective (2021)
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
- Digital Health Center of Excellence
- Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) Action Plan (2021)
U.S. National Institutes of Health, Advisory Committee to the Director, Artificial Intelligence Working Group Update (2019)
U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Towards a Standard for Identifying and Managing Bias in Artificial Intelligence (2022)
U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT, JASON Report Task Force (2014)
U.S. Veterans Administration, Ethical Principles for Access to and Use of Veteran Data (2021)

Academia

SHERPA, EU-funded project which analyses how AI and analytics impact ethics and human rights, Shaping the Ethical Dimensions of Smart Information Systems.

Law, Legislation, Governance

Clearinghouse Project, a University of North Carolina School of Law resource.
International Medical Device Regulators Forum, an international group of medical device regulators.
Datos Protegidos, a Chilean site devoted to data protection, privacy law, cybersecurity, etc.
Open Access Series of the Interdepartmental Research Centre, European Centre for Law, Science and New Technologies (ECLT), University of Pavia. Data-Driven Decision Making. Law, Ethics, Robotics, Health

Military and Warfare

U.S. Department of Defense, Ethical Principles for Using Artificial Intelligence in Warfare (2020)
U.S. Department of Defense Defense Innovation Unit, Responsible AI Guidelines in Practice (2021)

Journals

AI and Ethics. Springer.

Biomedical Informatics: History and Miscellany

U.S. National Library of Medicine, Long Range Plan (1987)
UK Data Service, Big Data and Data Sharing: Ethical issues. This is a brief introduction to ethical issues arising in social research with big data.
United States Department of Defense, Ethical Principles for Using Artificial Intelligence in Warfare.
Ethics of AI in Radiology: European and North American Multisociety Statement. This statement arises from the multi-national radiology community's desire to examine the ethics and code of behavior for artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. A comprehensive approach to ethical concerns in response for the use of new technologies.
European Parliament, EU guidelines on ethics in artificial intelligence: Context and implementation. This document aims to shed some light on the ethical rules that are now recommended when designing, developing, deploying, implementing or using AI products and services in the EU
Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This report presents key insights and policy messages from the OECD Going Digital project, which was carried out over 2017-18 under the leadership of the OECD Committee on Digital Economy Policy.
Guidance for Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Applications in the U.S.: Executive Order 13859,"Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence". Federal Register, Vol. 84, No. 31 Thursday, February 14, 2019.
Baylor College of Medicine: Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Medical Information Commons Project, explores the ethical, legal, and social implications of health-related data sharing and various non-technical challenges to the formation and sustainability of commons.

Think Tanks

The Hastings Center, Control and Responsible Innovation in the Development of AI and Robotics Draft Final Report.
Rand Corporation, "Face Recognition Technologies: Designing Systems that Protect Privacy and Prevent Bias." Report is "intended to help improve U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) acquisition and oversight of FRTs by describing their opportunities and challenges."

Regional Initiatives

European Commission, White Paper on Artificial Intelligence - A European approach to excellence and trust. The purpose of this White Paper is to set out policy options on how to address risks associated with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
European Parliament, The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives. This study deals with the ethical implications and moral questions that arise from the development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies.
AI Latin American Summit. Proceedings of the January 2020 Artificial Intelligence Latin American Summit. This report offers a comprehensive description of the current AI governance in the region, perspectives for the use of AI in several Latin American countries, and recommendations for AI use in the judiciary, industry, education, and health sectors.
Library of the Congress, Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific.

Creation of this resource was initially supported by a grant from the WHO. Please send corrections and suggestions for additions to ethics@miami.edu.

20 March 2022